The UM HBCD project is part of a nationwide effort to better understand brain development, beginning in the perinatal period, extending through early childhood, including variability in development and how it contributes to cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional function. In collaboration with 25 institutions across the United States, this longitudinal study funded by the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the National Institute of Health (NIH) will enhance knowledge of normative brain trajectories including how they may be affected by exposure to opioids and other substances (e.g., alcohol, tobacco, cannabis), stressors, trauma, and other significant environmental influences, including those that promote resilience. Behavioral and neurological measures, such as EEG and MRI, will be collected across the first 5-10 years of life to better understand and ultimately prevent or attenuate the harms of prenatal and postnatal exposure to drugs or other adverse environmental conditions, including risk for early substance use, mental disorders, and other behavioral and developmental problems. It will also identify resilience factors that may mitigate some of these adverse outcomes. See: https://heal.nih.gov/research/infants-and-children/healthy-brain for more information.